Indicator 4.1.1
Proportion of children and young people (a) in grades 2/3; (b) at the end of primary; and (c) at the end of lower secondary achieving at least a minimum proficiency level in (i) reading and (ii) mathematics, by sex
The Content Alignment Tool (CAT) is a questionnaire designed to assess the alignment of national assessment programmes to the Global Content Framework (reference point) since national assessment programmes do not necessarily cover all contents in the Global Content Framework.
The tool is for both domains covered by the indicator, reading and mathematics, and includes a scoring scheme for minimum alignment.
PDF document | Online platform |
The Global Content Framework (GCF) defines, each for the domain of reading and mathematics, the content framework for the three points of measurement, and the minimum content that ensures comparability between tests.
The Global Content Frameworks have content reference lists and coding schemes to map national assessments and identifies the similarities and differences between what children are expected to learn in different levels of formal education. Reference documents
- Method for developing an international curriculum and assessment framework for:
For a complete list of resources related to the conceptual framework, please visit this page.
Robust, consistent operations and procedures are an essential part of any large-scale assessment, to maximise data quality and minimise the impact of procedural variation on results.
Procedural alignment across assessments is important to set the minimum procedures so data integrity is protected, and results are robust and reasonably comparable for any given country over time, but also across countries at any given point in time.
The Procedural Alignment Tool is a questionnaire designed to help countries self-assess their learning assessment data collection and learning assessment implementation practices to good practices to ensure reported data for indicator 4.1.1 have an acceptable level of quality.
PDF document | Online platform |
The Manual of Good Practices in Learning Assessment is a set of good practices identified to guide the implementation of an assessment based on existing literature and documents.
Quick Guides provide countries with an abridged and handy tool for the implementation of assessments and cover broader guidance on key issues such as Why carry out a learning assessment? How to implement a learning assessment?
Making the Case for Learning Assessment | Implementing a National Learning Assessment |
For a complete list of resources related to the methodological framework, please visit this page.
The Global Proficiency Framework (GPF) defines the global minimum proficiency levels that learners are expected to demonstrate at the end of each grade level, from grades 1 to 9. The GPF was developed by educators, curriculum experts, and psychometricians with extensive experience on developing and implementing programs in a wide range of countries and contexts. GPF were developed for both reading and mathematics.
Reading | Mathematics |
English Spanish French |
English Spanish French |
The GPF is also available in other languages. Click here for more information. |
For a complete list of resources related to the reporting framework, please visit this page.
The Protocol for Reporting explains the flow of work, the activities and phases involved in the reporting of Indicator 4.1.1 and the tools and reference documents publicly offered to generate a minimum level of consistency of education systems, while retaining sufficient flexibility for education systems to pursue assessment programs appropriate to their context and needs.
The Interim Reporting Strategy promotes the highest level of participation and reporting by prioritising a fit-for-purpose approach, where all assessment programmes are accepted, regardless of whether they meet minimum criteria, and proceed with the reporting while being cautious to specify when they do not.
- Framework for Interim reporting (presentation)
- Framework for Interim Reporting
For a complete list of resources related to the reporting framework, please visit this page.
Linking Strategies
Options to link assessments together have been explored to address the challenges posed by the limited capacity of some countries to implement cross-national, regional, and national assessments.
COVID-19: Monitoring Impacts on Learning Outcomes (MILO)
The COVID-19: Monitoring the Impacts on Learning Outcomes (MILO) project aims to measure learning outcomes in six countries in Africa, in order to analyse the long-term impact of COVID-19 on learning and to evaluate the effectiveness of distance learning mechanisms utilised during school closures. In addition, this project will develop the capacity of countries to monitor learning after the crisis. The 4 overarching goals of the project are to:- Evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on learning outcomes and measure the learning loss by reporting against SDG indicator 4.1.1b
- Identify the impact of different distance learning mechanisms put in place to remediate the learning disruption generated by COVID-19
- Expand the UIS bank of items for primary education
- Generate a toolkit so that assessment results can be scaled to international benchmarks, reporting against SDG 4.1.1.b.
The Policy linking methodology is a non-statistical method that uses judgment to align and match items from the national assessment with the Global Proficiency Framework (GPF). This process establishes the internationally comparable global benchmarks based on the descriptors of each benchmark specified in the GPF.
Read more about the Policy Linking methodology here.
For a complete list of resources related to linking strategies, please visit this page.
- Exploring the commonalities and differences between Regional and International Assessments by Trevino and Ordenes (2017)
- Mind the Gap: Proposal for a Standardised Measure for SDG 4-Education 2030 Agenda by Altinook (2017)
- Pandemic-related disruptions to schooling and impacts on learning proficiency indicators: A focus on the early grades (2021)
- Tool for projecting the attainment of SDG 4.1.1 (Excel), intended to produce sufficiently reliable scenarios for world regions, and the world.
- Assessing Learning Proficiency Levels and Trends for Sustainable Development Goal 4.1: A focus on Africa ( 2021)
- The feasibility of harmonizing scores produced by Assessments for Minimum Proficiency Levels (AMPL) to the TIMSS and PIRLS test scores to measure and monitor SDG 4.1.1b
( 2023) - Feasibility of using the data produced by the Early Grade Reading (EGRA) and Early Grade Mathematics (EGMA) to measure and monitor SDG 4.1.1 by complementing it with other banks of items (2023)
- Reporting learning outcomes in basic education: country’s options for indicator 4.1.1 (2022)
- Assessments for Minimum Proficiency Levels (AMPL): an efficient and effective tool for global reporting and strengthening capacity to conduct national assessments (2023)
For a complete list of resources related to the reporting framework, please visit this page.